The answer may be found by visiting http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/refugees/inside/apply-who.asp.
According to Immigration, Refugee and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website, Canada offers refugee protection to some people in Canada who fear persecution or who would be in danger if they had to leave. This danger includes torture, a risk to their life or a risk of cruel and unusual punishment.
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB) makes the decision in immigration and refugee matters. It decides who is a convention refugee or a person in need of protection.
You need to be inside Canada to apply for refugee protection in Canada.
DISCLAIMER
Information posted here at www.gatewaytocanada.com is not a legal advise. The author of this blog is not a Registered Immigration Consultant or an Immigration Lawyer. Information about Canadian Visa Application is available for free at http://cic.gc.ca. If you want to hire a representative for your Canada Visa Application, please be informed that only Registered Immigration Consultants and Lawyers who are member and with good standing with Canadian Law Society, can represent you for a fee.
